Cyclic Scheduling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cyclic Scheduling - Essay Exampleic scheduling in tensile manufacturing systems is something that has to be well silent by all those involved with production management and researchers have tried to develop a variety of heuristics and algorithms for solving cyclic scheduling problems in flexible manufacturing systems. Cyclic scheduling problems are often complex and require computational optimization techniques for their solution and automated systems with scheduling engines help production managers to find optimum scheduling solutions in real-time. This research paper presents a brief discussion about cyclic scheduling in flexible manufacturing.I hereby manifest that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of the research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been report anywhere.Scheduling refers to the concept of allocating available resources over time to effectivel y plan for the execution of production orders in a manufacturing facility with its available processing railway cars and manufacturing systems (Lankford, Chapter 9.8). Depending on the demand for that which is being manufactured, a master production schedule will be made available and scheduling meets the requirements for production that are stated in the master production schedule. Thus, if automobiles or cellular phones are being manufactured in a facility, then the daily, monthly or weekly production output signal for the previously mentioned outputs will be mentioned in the master production schedule, as determined by the market or supplier commitments. However, the employed manpower, processing machine or production line capacity and material for production must be adequate for the required levels of production and this means that scheduling is about optimally assigning available resources to meet production targets. Thus, scheduling is more complex than the mere execution of jobs for production and depending on the

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay Example for Free

Advanced accounting Ch 1 solution Essay1A crease combination is a coalition of business entities in which cardinal or more previously separate and independent companies ar brought under(a) the jibe of a single management team. iii situations establish the control necessary for a business combination, namely, when one or more corporations become subsidiaries, when one familiarity transfers its net assets to another, and when each combining company transfers its net assets to a newly formed corporation.2The dissolution of all but one of the separate legal entities is not necessary for a business combination. An workout of one form of business combination in which the separate legal entities are not dissolved is when one corporation becomes a subsidiary of another. In the case of a parent-subsidiary relationship, each combining company continues to exist as a separate legal entity even though both companies are under the control of a single management team.3A business comb ination occurs when two or more previously separate and independent companies are brought under the control of a single management team. Merger and consolidation in a generic sense are frequently used as synonyms for the term business combination. In a technical sense, however, a merger is a type of business combination in which all but one of the combining entities are dissolved and a consolidation is a type of business combination in which a new corporation is formed to take over the assets of two or more previously separate companies and all of the combining companies are dissolved.4Goodwill arises in a business combination accounted for under the acquisition method when the price of the investment (fair value of the consideration transferred) exceeds the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Under GAAP, goodwill is not amortized for financial reporting purposes and will have no effect on net income, un slight the goodwill is deemed to be impaired. If goodwill is impai red, a loss will be recognized.5A bargain purchase occurs when the acquisition price is less than the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. The acquirer records the gain from a bargain purchase as an ordinary gain during the period of the acquisition. The gain equals the release between the investment cost and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.

Dignity in Ivan and the Sound of Waves Essay Example for Free

Dignity in Ivan and the Sound of Waves EssayIn the originals, One twenty-four hours in the feel of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn and The Sound of Waves by Yukio Mishima, the characters observe their dignity and take many actions to preserve it. First of all, in One Day in the life of Ivan Denisovich, Shukhov attempts to maintain his human dignity in the attend of oppression. As Shukhov begins his daily routine, he quickly finished up the job. Theres work and work If youre working for human beings, then do a real job of it (Solzhenitsyn 33). Shukhov is imprisoned in a gulag, one of the worst possible places to be, but he still maintains his human dignity by keeping a good work ethic. Shukhov knows that if he works well he will be treated well, but beyond that, the fact that he is working for another human being gives him reason to maintain a good work ethic, and his vainglory.Furthermore, Shukhov always preforms many small, but meaning full actions in order to m aintain his dignity. While eating his rations, Shukhov removed his lens hood from his shaven headhowever cold it was, he wouldnt let himself eat with his cap on (16). Shukhov still maintains his manners, even when he is forcibly kept in a gulag prison. His manners are very important as they allow him a way to remain human and keep his dignity, rather than deteriorating to the state of an animal, like some of the other prisoners. While the characters in One Day in the life of Ivan Denisovich, attempt to maintain their dignity as a means of refuge in the gulags, the characters of The Sound of Waves, retain their dignity as a means of defend their status in society. To begin, the characters in the Sound of Waves do not tolerate any embarrassment or loss of respect to their peers.When Shinjis mother visits Terukichi Miyatas home he ignores her visit and she replies, so you say you wont see a poor widowWell let me tell you something never in life will I ever cross Miyatas damned thresh old again (Mishima 128-129). Shinjis mother vows never to cross paths with Miyatas home subsequently he insults her by refusing to meet with her. Shinjis mother takes a hit to her pride and retaliates in a way that would imply her intolerance for disrespect. Moreover, the characters in the novel are virtuous and refrain from committing any acts that would call into question their morals and self-respect.While resting naked with Shinji in the shrine, Hatsue says, Its grim. Its bad Its bad for a girl to do that before she is married (76-77). Although the urge to engage in a sexual relation with Shinji is strong, Hatsue knows it would hurt not only her self-respect but also defile her fathers reputation in the village. Although characters in both novels take actions to preserve their respective dignities, in One Day in the life of Ivan Denisovich, It is done to maintain their humanity and sanity when they are treated like animals. While in The Sound of Waves, the characters preserve their dignity to pertain the respect of the village and their peers. Overall, the characters in both novels value their dignity and take many actions to uphold it.

Hamlet Appearance vs Reality Essay Example for Free

small town Appearance vs Reality EssayAppearance vs. reality in Shakespeares, crossroads, is a jaded yet common theme. This piece of cake is teeming with characters that frolic their roles behind a veil of duplicity. They often appear to be one way when they really are something entirely different. Things within the play appear to be true and honest but in reality are polluted with evil. Many of the characters within the play hide behind a mask of dishonesty. Four of the main characters that hid behind this mask are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius. From behind this mask they give the impression of a person who is sincere and true, in reality they are overwhelmed with lies and evil. One of the most obvious examples of sort vs. reality in Hamlet is the character of Claudius. Claudius longed to be king, rule the land and crown his queen. He gave no regard to the feelings of the family. He was jealous and ruthless in pursuing his dreamruthless to the poi nt of murder. He pretends to be concerned and upset with the actions of Hamlet and his well being, when in reality he is frightened that Hamlet is aware of his deadly secret.It was as if he cast a spell on the unhurt kingdom for his own self-fulfilling interest. Our innocent Claudius even summons spies to investigate the origin of Hamlets madnessnot for the steady-going of Hamlet but for himself. He is indeed a jaded character, whose kind aura masks the face of a selfish murderer as he says whose whisper oer the universes diameter, as levels as the cannon to his blank transports his poisoned shot, may miss our name and hit the woundless air. Oh come away My soul is full of discord and offend - Claudius, act 4 scene 1, lines 42-46.This quote demonstrates how Claudius seems to be worried to the highest degree Hamlet and his actions when he is really fearful of him discovering the truth. In addition, the kings violet associate, Polonius, appears to be a loyal and trustworthy serv ant to the kingdom throughout the play, willing to take on tasks and burdens requested by their majesties. However, in reality Polonius is an evil, sordid selfish man, who serves not his kingdom but himself. One example of this is how Polonius appears to be happy, concerned and supportive of his son, Laertes, journey to France.He seems to be supportive of his son until he sends Reynaldo as an emissary, in order to detect what sort of mischief he stumbles upon in France. In addition, Polonius, again, displays his devious characteristics when he spies on Hamlet and Ophelia in an onrush to analyze Hamlets madness. He soon orders Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet, as he brainwashes her with lies about Hamlets motives, when in reality Hamlet is truly in love with Ophelia. Once again, Polonius proves his scheming behavior when he listens in on Hamlet and Gertrudes conversation while in the bedchamber.Hamlet finally teaches him his lesson when he unexpectedly murders the rat. In reality Pol onius is anything but a loving father watching out for his children, he uses everyone to his advantage and for his own purposes this proves as evidence for his sneak(a) demeanor. Even two of Hamlets childhood friends are victims of the appearance vs. reality theme. They were sent and bribed by the king and queen to try and determine the take a shit of Hamlets insanity. They approach Hamlet as long-lost pals when they are really anything but.They were there not as friends but hired help for Hamlets condition. In act 2 scene 2 line 299, Guildenstern quotes What should we say my lord? Completely denying the fact that they were sent for by the king and queen. Hamlet quickly reveals the truth and says, Were you not sent for/ And there is a kind of confession in your looks, which your modesties have not craft in color. (Shakespeare 22278) From these wrangling he is demanding an answer from his schoolmates as to their unexplained arrival. At the end he tells them nothing.As the play continues his friends are asked again by the king to go to Hamlet and try again to find the real reason for Hamlets behavior. Hamlet insults them at every chance knowing that they are lying to him about their purpose of the visit, Tis as easy as lying govern these ventages with you finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth (Shakespeare 32348) The twins show their appearance of being Hamlets friends but in truth they have a hidden reason for visiting with Hamlet. Both show that it will be very catchy for Hamlet to uncover the reliability hidden within the lies.Throughout the play, characters help to show the theme, which is appearance verses reality. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the king all appear to be good and honest. As Hamlet finds out, all contain lies and have hidden intentions within them. As each character is presented in the play all appear to be good and honest making it a hard for Hamlet to uncover the hidden truth about the nature of each characte r. Throughout the play everyone puts up a front so to speak, for different reasons.Hamlet believed that the world was corrupt and deceiving, this led him to become violently ambitious. Claudius was manipulative and cunning, and used his greed to achieve what he desired. lie is a major theme of the play. Obviously throughout the play there are many discrepancies between appearance vs. reality. It seems everyone is jaded and full of deception or ulterior motives. With such controversial people in the kingdom, it is quite appropriate to state that there truly is something rotten in the state of Denmark.

Corporate financial statement analysis of Volkswagen

Corporate pecuniary statement analysis of VolkswagenAbstract The main aim from this throw off is to analyze manufacturing company in term of ratios analysis and common size analysis. We took Volkswagen assemblage as a manufacturing company and we try to know what be the flexure pedigree, major competitors, and the goals of Volkswagen Group. Then we start to make common size analysis (vertical and horizontal analysis) for both income statement and sleep shroud from year 2005 to 2009 to see the financial performance of the company over the time. Moreover we make ratios analysis to check the liquidity, solvency, profitability, efficiency, and cash flow of the Volkswagen Group.Finally, the report is going to discuss the data that we found on common size analysis and ratios analysis. Also the report will include all the annual report from 2005 to 2009. Company profile a)What is the companys principal line of business and major competitors?Volkswagen Group majorly known as the VW group is a German originated automobile manufacturing group that is ranked third largest in world as a motor vehicle manufacturer. The core business of the group includes developing vehicles and components for all marques and manufacturing complete vehicles for the Volkswagen Passenger Cars and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles marques. The group has world-wide working of operations but its elementary emphasis is Europe market.Major competitors of Volkswagen are Toyotta, General Motors, Ford and Hyundai. b)On what day does the companys fiscal year end? The company Fiscal year ends on Dec, thirty-firstc) What is the largest source of cash from financing activities?For the year ended Dec 31, 2009 its Proceeds from issue of Bondsd) What is the largest use of cash from investing activities?For the year ended Dec 31, 2009 its tendency of Equity Investmentse) What is the average income revenue rate for the fiscal year reported?Income tax rate for 2005 is 35.2%, 2006 9.1%, 200737.0 %, 2 008 29.1%, 2009 27.7%. The average tax rate is 27.62%. f) What is the average issue (sale) outlay per share of common stock issued as of the end of the fiscal year reported?The average issue (sale) price per share 149.42Company goals and achievementsDescriptive information, comparison goals provided in annual reports with achievements in the following periods, seek for any possible predetermined standards and find out whether the company achieved them in the following periods.There are numerous objectives and goals set by the Management of Volkswagen with the motive of enabling the company to expand the scope of its business and generate sustain subject success by counselling on its customers and environment. As calve of business operations management, the Board has foc utilise on introducing measures to improve cost structures through process optimization overall and standard scheme carrying out. The implementation of these goals can be seen through the financial performan ce of Volkswagen where in terms of gross revenue, the related costs are kept in controlled and equilibrate trend with no irregular hikes. Volkswagen goal of servicing its customers with most innovative and fascinating vehicles is met with its ability to generate increased world-wide sales and improved cost position. In 2007, the company earned a sales record of 6.2 million vehicles. As part of Volkswagens global business strategy, the goal of the company had been to implement its multi brand strategy and introduce most environments hospitable and broadest vehicle range. Towards implementing these goals, the company in year 2009 has been able to cope with the weak industry trends due to financial and economic crisis overall. Its implementation of integration and partnerships with Porsche and Suzuki have unlocked many growth prospects. It is the result of such policies of management that Volkswagen group did not suffer from the financial crisis to the extent most of the competitors did.The focus of maintaining quality standards is also evident from the analysis of financial statements where each year better quality improving standards and procedure are implemented as part of production processes to enable Volkswagen in delivering its customers best equipped quality vehicles. Future goals of company include exploring more developments in fuel efficiency for vehicles and climate friendly fuels as key components of automobility along with driver assistance systems to promote fuel efficient driving. Common Size Analysis balances analysisData AnalysisHaving do with a thorough financial statement analysis of Volkswagen Group for year 2005-2009, it is seen that the company as a key component of Automobile Industry has been able to maintain its financial performance with slight disturbance in profits for fiscal year 2009 as a result of global depression in markets.Firstly having a look at the vertical common size analysis of Volkswagen Income statement and Balance sh eet revealed that most items of Income statement and Balance sheet do not present any major fluctuations over five years. Year 2007 and 2008 were better performing business years where due to decreased cgs as a percentage of Sales, overall profitability was improved i.e. Operating profit and EBT improved from 2% in 2006 to 6% in 2007 and 2008. However, due to an overall market recession profitability has significantly decreased due to burden on costs and expenses i.e. PAT decreased from 4% in 2008 to 1% in 2009. The vertical common size balance sheet showed the group structure consists of Debt Equity of 8020. Other significant values are fixed assets, cash, stock certificate and financial service dues.The horizontal common size analysis of Income statement and balance sheet taking 2005 as base year showed a flushed growth trend for years 2006-2008, whereas for year 2009, it exposed a decreased trend of profitability significantly in operating profit, Profit before tax and Profit after tax. The balance sheet shows increasing and decreasing fluctuations when looked at individual items but overall can be considered relatively stable and improving.The Ratio analysis of financial statements is done to evaluate the performance of company in a given year using relations between different balance sheet, income statement and cash flow items. Volkswagen analysis of different financial ratios over the period of 5 years enabled us in seeing the performance of Group on a lower floor five heads Assets efficiency, liquidity, cash flow, profitability and solvency.Assets efficiencyThese ratios are used to check the efficiency of a company i.e. how efficiently assets of company are used in generating revenue. The fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover ratios are lower in magnitude over the time period under analysis. Generally the greater the magnitudes of these ratios the efficient are the assets of a company are considered in generating sales revenue. Volkswagen g roup assets turnover ratios for last five years start within range of 0.5 and 1.2 which is not quite impressive. The inventory turnover ratio over the last five years shows a mixed trend whereas the receivable and payable turnover are also a concern as payable turnover should be greater in magnitude than receivable whereas its the enemy case here.ProfitabilityThe profit margins for past five shows an increasing trend till 2008, however for year 2009 profitability is effected due to decreased sales and pressures on costs. The trends for Return on assets and equity, are also the same, whereas the magnitude of these is moderate. The earnings per share for the group is attractive enough just declines much for year 2009 i.e. from 4.6 in 2008 to 0.9 in 2009.LiquidityThese are the ratios derived from balance sheet and measure ability of company to generate liquid funds to pay its debts. The current and quick ratios for Volkswagen make it within the range of 0.9 and 1.2 for past five yea rs which is considered well enough for liquidity purposes. The cash conversion cycle is the number of days cash is bind up in production and sales process. Our analysis shows a mixed trend which is observed to decrease in 2009 which is a good indicator. The receivable collection and payable deferral periods are also in favor of companys liquidity requirements.Cash flowThe cash flow ratio of less is one is fact mood of greater chances for bankruptcy. Volkswagen cash flow ratio over past five years is consistently low and need attention.Debt /SolvencyThese show the overall debt load of company. The debt as compared to assets does not portrays greater risks, however greater dependence if debt as compared to equity increases leverage and so the risk scope for the Volkswagen.

Finding your dream job

Finding your dream jobFinding Your Dream Job vocation is the result of a conscious position and behavior of an individual in the sphere of labor related to official or maestro growth (Porfeli 47). flight as a trajectory of motion is constructed by an individual in ossification with the peculiarities of internal and external organizational reality and above all, in accordance with individualal goals, desires and attitudes. The activities of people are often judged by their passages. At the beginning of the traffical cycle, human efforts are usually aimed at preparing for a future career the development of skills, values, views and other aspects necessary for the acquisition of sea captain identity. At the end of the professional cycle, a person typically tends to concentrate forces at determining the microscope stage of personal career advantage. Both stages include the analysis of the correctness to the chosen career. The study, which has become a classic unmatched (Feldt 238), shows that certain personality factors and pressure situations enamour the fact whether people change their careers or try their best to hold on to the one acquired at the very beginning of their careers, believing that it is the right picking. The government agency an individual likes his job, and therefore, the extent to which his career will be successful, depends on certain factors. The future(a) ones could be listed among them a) knowledge of the profession b) correspondence between the characteristics of a person and environment c) good professional role models d) stimulating, but not threatening demands of plough and associated expectations e) reduced concern for prestige f) correspondence between personal and professional values g) the context of working environment in which the socialization takes place (Feldt 235-45). In addition to these variables, researchers have identified two basic vitrines of focus on earnings and on job satisfaction, expressed by worke rs and affecting career choice (Verbruggen 3-15). Thus, people are choosing their suffer right job basing on a variety of reasons money, status, prestige, communication, satisfaction, etc., and when choosing a career, they often take into key if not all, but at least some of those reasons. Persons perception of certain careers and reasons why he should do this activity is largely determined by previous experiences and prevailing social attitudes (Porfeli 46-58). To assess personality traits and optimize the choice of the professional activity, it is important to consider the suit of personality selecting this or that activity. One of the most operational typologies for this purpose is the personality typology by Holland (Prim 179-80), predetermining the content of career activities and including realistic type (focus on manipulations with tools and machinery), research type (focus on search), artistic (emotional expression, self-presentation), social (interactions with people), b usiness (focus on the impact on people), and conventional type (manipulations with data and information). Although the concept of Holland assumes that one of the types is always dominating, people stool adapt to the conditions, using the strategy of two or more types (Prim 181). The closer are the orientations of the dominant type and the second (or third) orientations, the closer the personality types are. Taking into account the nature of dominant and non-dominant orientations, one tin can choose the activities that are closer to ones own nature and where one will be more successful. If the dominant and the following orientations are far from each other, it is much more difficult to contrive a right career choice (Prim 185-86). Thus, the formation of a career is a continuous process, during which the person is using the information about oneself and about the world, chooses the sphere of activity, and then a specific profession. When choosing the direction of a professional ca reer, one must take into account three basic conditions for a successful career the profession should be in the sphere of ones interests the profession should correspond to personal abilities and the profession should be in demand in the labor market (Perrone 291-94). Any person has an access to several ways to get acquainted with the basic legal injury of career choices and strategies on making career choice decisions. One of the most wide spread resources for that is coming through psychological testing to identify professional inclinations, select the first higher education institution or education institution for reeducation or specialization (Perrone 295-97). In addition, one can rely on statistical information on payment rates and schedules in different careers. After deciding what one prefers more a 6-digit salary or a flexible schedule, a person can examine the statistics of suitable jobs. Most of the information can be found on the Internet. Every modern arrangement or company has its own website, where one can get all the latest information. It is also possible to send resumes to employers or find several HR agencies both methods will include prior assessment of a candidate. In addition, the international professional networks could help in getting acquainted with people who work in the same area. Communicating with them, one can find out everything about the career of ones dream (Porfeli 46-58). Finally, it is acceptable to use the proceedss of the employment centre, the specialists of which can give up all necessary information and test candidates on the professional suitability. In addition to state agencies of career choices which are governmental organization that provide advice to the population on education and career choices, there are private consulting companies providing consultations with a specialist on career choices in the immediate customer service centers (Verbruggen 3-5).Contemporary career consulting is a process of evaluatin g opportunities, potential and real (not imaginary, imposed by society or influence of friends and parents) wishes by professional consultants, possessing information on the labor market and demand occupations. Such consultations usually do not involve testing, but simply free dialogue between the specialist and the client. The cognitive process lasts from 1,5 to 2,5 hours. Finally, the customer receives the conclusion of a specialist with recommendations on career development, given information on skills that need to be acquired for achieving success. This service is relevant not only for students but also for those who have already graduated from university or other educational institutions, and cannot decide on the choice of their dream career (Verbruggen 3-13). Having made a mistake in choosing a career, people often suffer in the future. Doing something that does not bring joy may harm both the health and success in personal life. All areas of life are intertwined, so it is d ifficult to underestimate the importance of correct choice. About 50-80% of people make mistakes when choosing their careers (Prim 178). And they usually make this choice consciously. Society imposes the understanding of the proper career therefore people often follow the established stereotypes. Instead of choosing what one likes, one chooses what is considered prestigious parkland sense becomes a victim of dictate of the public opinion. Because of this, the actual percentage increases to 95-99.9% (Feldt 240). Indeed, there really a few of those who have made the right choice combining ones career with ones passion. These people do not trust their future to the fate they deliberately choose such a life. Thus, the choice of career is one of the most important decisions man makes in life. Everyone wants the job to meet ones interests and capabilities, bringing joy and money. To create a dynamic career it is necessary to realize ones own interests, abilities and labor market requireme nts. Taking everything into account, it is possible to say that gradually the career choice becomes easier. More search methods, more alternatives emerge every day. Realizing ones own loose and strong sides, interests and preferences, one can make the right choice. Works CitedFeldt, Ronald C., Ferry, Ashley, Bullock, Melinda, Camarotti-Carvalho, Ana, Collingwood, Melinda, Eilers, Scott, Meyer, Luke, Nurre, Emily, and Cheryl Woelfel. Factorial Structure of the flight Decision Scale Incremental Validity of the Five-Factor Domains. Measurement and military rating in Counseling and Development 42 (2010) 235-245. Print.Perrone, Kristin M., Tschopp., Molly K., Snyder, Erin R., Boo, Jenelle N., and Claudine Hyatt. A Longitudinal Examination of Career Expectations and Outcomes of Academically Talented Students 10 and 20 Years pointHigh School Graduation. Journal of Career Development 36 (2010) 291-309. Print.Prim, Dominic R, and Terence J. G. Tracey. Psychometric Properties of the Career Clusters Interest Survey. Journal of Career Assessment 18.2 (2010) 177-188. Print.Porfeli, Erik J., and Vladimir B. Skorikov. Specific and Diversive Career Exploration During Late Adolescence. Journal of Career Assessment 18.1 (2010) 46-58. Print.Verbruggen, Marijke, and Luc Sels. Social-Cognitive Factors Affecting Clients Career and Life Satisfaction After Counseling. Journal of Career Assessment 18.1 (2010) 3-15. Print.

Application Of Industrialised Building System Construction Essay

Application Of Industrialised Building System Construction EssayThis is because under the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000) the Government of Malaysia for the first time to introduced the Low Medium Cost Housing category (the previously it was classified together with culture medium represent housing category) due to the always increasing demand for housing in this category. In additional, it is to ensure that the middle low income group with salary ranging from RM1,501.00 to RM2,500.00 per month and adapted to own a house. However, the pricing of low medium cost housing ar around RM42,001.00 to RM60,000.00 per unit only. Using IBS in this types of housing project atomic number 18 more suitable because soaring volume and stability of demand for twists is the advantages of using IBS. Besides that, it will also reduce the selling price of low medium cost housing.The IBS is a manufactured the building components at factories (off site manufacture), will enable cost saving safety and health productivity and quality good through the reduction of travail intensity and reflection standardisation. Apart from this mode, it also offers minimal site wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total eddy costs.Using higher percentage of IBS in the construction of public housing and other building projects will provide better productivity, quality, and safety, especially for the total construction time saving and cost saving. IBS will contribute towards a better construction industry, as well as improve the global competitiveness of Malayan builders. Nowadays, IBS in Malaysia become more popularity in the construction industry especially for the Government project. An early effort by the Government of Malaysia to promote usage of IBS and cause an Open Building system (OBS) concept as an alternative to conventional and labour intensive construction method has yet to make headway.According to workings Minister Da tuk Mohd Zin Mohamed, the prefabricated parts will be used in all Government projects in a proposal to reduce the dependence on unusual workers. Besides that, it wills also reducing inherent social problems involving these foreign workers. The use of prefabricated parts was part of the IBS which would be adopted for all Government projects. The Government of Malaysia has staged all government agencies carrying out development and peoples housing projects to use at least 70% IBS content in those projects.In the beginning, literature review was conducted to determine an overall idea regarding IBS for public housing. This refers to collecting the latest secondary data and information from different sources which including books, journals, magazines, dissertations, conference papers, and information from the internet. These materials were used for ground reading to obtain full understanding and information needed for discussion and analysis in the research.Conventional construction method is defined as components of the building that are prefabricated on site through the processes of timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement, and cast in-situ. This construction method is mostly built of reinforced concrete frames for conventional building. Using the wooden formwork mainly is for the traditional construction method and need take some time to construct the formwork before concreting. This construction method is much more costly for construction which is need includes total labour requirement, raw material, transportation and very importance once is low speed of construction.The main objective of a cast in-situ construction method is to weed out and reduce the using traditional timber formwork, brickwork, and plastering. A carefully think in-situ work can maximise the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel or fibreglass or aluminium that is easi ly erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork after finishes construct the formwork. After placing the reinforcement they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is square off and according to the required strength, the moulds are dismantled. The workers can be easily trained to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. These construction methods are required limited labour and it will reduce the total labour need. Its advantages over the conventional construction method include, low skill workers requirement, speedy construction, low building maintenance, durable grammatical construction and less construction cost.These prefabricated timber framing systems is using the timber in the construction industry for construct the building. Usually the timber framing system are consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses (show as below figure 7). While the steel framing systems have been the more popular choice on construction industry, but the timber roof truss system also have its own market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts. This prefabricated timber framing system we can see in the traditional building.Prefabricated construction in Malaysia started way cover version almost fourth categorys ago with the completion of the Tunku Abdul Rahman Public Housing Estate or commonly known as the Pekeliling Flats. No proper send off was theorize by the government for the industrialisation of construction and until the inception of the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. This is a master plan to facilitate the transformation the Malaysian construction sector was formulated with inputs from industry and endorsed by the Cabinet back in October 2003. Known as the Industrialised Building System (IBS) Roadmap 2003-2010, the master plan is based on the 5-M outline (Manpower, Materials-Compo nents-Machines, Management-Processes-Methods, Monetary economic and financial and Marketing promotion) with the aim of having an industrialised construction industry as well as achieving Open Building by the year 2010. The transformation of the construction sector is crucial in ensuring the successful achievement of Vision 2020.Each part on the IBS Scoring was having their own rules and regulation to face the points. For example under Part (1) Structural System, the points are awarded for various types of structural system used such as precast concrete beams and columns, steel, and prefabricated timber. For the Part (2) palisade Systems, the points are awarded based on various types of wall systems used such as precast concrete panel, glass, dry partition and block work. For the Part (3) different Simplified Construction Solutions, the points are awarded based on usage of other simplified construction solution for example standard components based on MS 1064, standardized grids, other 3D prefabricated components (prefabricated toilets, and staircases). IBS Score calculation only considers the superstructure elements of a building and sub-structure works are not taken into account in the calculation.